Supervision and Management - 4300 Words

INTRODUCTION In earlier days, the supervisor was the person in charge of a group of towrope pullers or ditch diggers. That person was literally the â€Å"fore man,† since he was up forward of the work crew. His authority consisted mainly of chanting the â€Å"one, two, three, up† that set the pace for the rest of the workers. In Germany, the supervisor is still called a vorarbeiter (â€Å"fore worker†); in England, the term charge hand is used. Both terms suggest the lead-person origin. The term supervisor has its roots in Latin, where it means â€Å"looks over.† It was originally applied to the master of a group of artisans. Today, the supervisor’s job combines some of the talents of the â€Å"foreman† (or leader) and those of the â€Å"master† (skilled†¦show more content†¦3. Supervise diagnosis; do not overestimate his understanding and memory. 4. Human behavior with due consideration to human weaknesses. This should be kept in minds of supervisors. 5. Supervisors should create atmosphere of cordiality and mutual trust. 6. Supervision should be planned and adopted to the changing conditions. It calls for good planning and organization. 7. Supervisors must possess should professional knowledge. 8. Supervision to be exercised without giving the subordinate a sense that they are being supervised. 9. Supervision should foster the ability of each staff member to think and act for herself/himself. 10. Supervision strives to make the unit a good learning situation. It should be a teaching-learning process. 11. Supervision should encourage workers’ participation in decision making. 12. Supervision needs good communications. 13. Supervision should have strength to influence downwards depends on capacity to influence upwards. 14. Supervision is a process of cooperation and coordination. 15. Supervision should create suitable climate for productive work. 16. Supervision should give autonomy to workers depending from personality, competence and characteristics. 17. Supervision should respect the personality of the staff. 18. Supervision should stimulate the workers/staff ambitions to grown in effectiveness. 19. Supervision should focus on continued staff growth andShow MoreRelatedSupervision and Management1480 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Supervision and Management Essay This assignment will look at the concept and theory of supervision. The writer will provide a detailed explanation of supervision for social workers, the results of which formed the basis of the presentation ‘Management of Supervision’. Under headings the writer will explain what supervision is, the differing types of supervision and things which need to be considered as a supervisor/supervisee. The history of supervision in within caring professionsRead MoreSupervision: Performance Management4960 Words   |  20 Pages1. The purpose of supervision Supervision is: â€Å"a process in which one worker is given the responsibility by the organisation to work with another worker(s) in order to meet certain organisational, professional and personal objectives† (Morrison, 2001). Professional supervision is a positive and enabling process that offers the opportunity to bring employee and supervisor together to reflect on work practice. It is the process by which a worker can review and evaluate their work through discussionRead MoreManagement, Supervision, And Evaluation Of Non Instructional Personnel Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pages Building Action Plan #1 - Final Reflective Essay Management, supervision, and evaluation of non-instructional personnel Introduction After careful review of my personal growth plan, one of the areas that I felt needed to master to become an effective leader, is the supervision of non-instructional personnel. Supervision of non-instructional personnel is as critical and valuable as instructional personnel to an educational leader. Qualified, effective, and efficient non-instructional staff playsRead MoreAchieving Missions and Goals with Effective Supervision and Management3015 Words   |  12 PagesSupervision and management are extremely important factors in determining whether or not an organization achieves its mission and goals. One of the most important members of an organization is the supervisor, who is directly and regularly in touch with those employees who actually do the work of the organization and interact with its customers and clients. If the supervisor fails to ensure the employees perform correctly, the unit will not be successful, causing difficulties for the manager the lieutenantRead MoreConstr uction Supervision And Construction Of Construction Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesJiajun Wang 106945362 COEN 1400.040 Construction Supervision Role in Construction Projects Abstract: With the development of the city construction, the investment in construction is increasingly expanding. However, the construction is large-scale and the number of construction project still under construction is amazing. The projects quality problems have taken place on a national scale with some extent of the damage. In order to ensure the construction projects went well, it is necessary to strictlyRead MorePhysical Therapy Is An Internationally Acknowledged Health Profession1024 Words   |  5 Pagesoperations and patient management. Support personnel is a generic term that incorporates a range of employment classification. Dimension of support personnel comprises of physical therapy assistant, physical therapy aide, physical therapist technician or physical therapist helper; rehabilitation assistant and classroom therapy assistant. World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) advocates that where the physical therapist support personnel are utilized, direction and s upervision from a physical therapyRead MoreA Brief Note On Legislation And Poor Oversight934 Words   |  4 Pagesproducts’ price increase and decrease the job opportunities. At the same time, the government controlled domestic economical innovation power. That is also a main reason of financial crisis. Another significant impacted reason is that loses external supervision in financial crisis. America mainly applies free market, and free market focuses on choosing competitive mode to make the biggest benefits in free way. Besides that, the government will not control the competitive of free market, because any government’sRead MoreSimilarities And Differences In Relation To Professional Supervision728 Words   |  3 PagesIn relation to professional supervision conflict can often occur just by the very thought of having a one to one meeting with management, for some people it can cause anxiety and discomfort, due to the stereotype that comes with supervision. Issues of power, expectancy and responsibilities The staff member depends upon their supervisor to have the knowledge and provide skills to achieve positive outcomes and find solutions to their issues, they may feel that the supervisor should have all the answersRead MorePerformance Management Appraisal System Essay examples602 Words   |  3 PagesThe execution performance management requires the participation of numerous players (Managers, supervisors, and subordinates). For the system to succeed and accepted, clear understanding about the system is needed for effective implementation. Supervision and explanation of performance appraisal system is very crucial element for performance. ‘‘Merely developing a model of the strategy does not ensure the strategy will be successful.’’ Othman (2008, p. 261). Clarifying goals and supervising regularlyRead MoreSupervision Unit 511827 Words   |  4 PagesSupervision 511 As deputy manager it is within my job role to conduct monthly supervisions which then lead into an annual appraisal. At this time I currently have three supervisees. Whilst holding one of these monthly supervisions with my supervisee I conducted a file audit of their case file as part of my monthly monitoring, this helps me to evaluate. I noticed that work which I had previously asked to be completed had not been produced and some of the work which had fell below expected

Essay on Sexual Exploitation of Women in the Media

Sexual Exploitation of Women in the Media Women are sexually exploited in the media. In today’s society if people watch television programs such as Chingy featuring Snoop Ludacris – Holidae; Charlies Angels; the Z100 commercial with Britney Spears; or Baywatch they will see that the feminine image is presented differently than the masculine. In these programs men are typically placed in sexual situations fully clothed, while women are presented in provocative clothing or less. The camera will frequently zoom in on body parts to focus on the woman’s buttocks, midriff, and legs. Society is still dominated by men who control what people see. As a result women are increasingly portrayed as sex symbols as a way for a media company to turn†¦show more content†¦In 1998, $1billion was spent online on â€Å"adult content,† 69 percent of the total Internet content sales. In most commercial advertisements on television, women show more skin than men. Commercials use women to sell sex because it attracts more attention than men showing their bodies. For instance, Britney Spears, a singer whom many teenagers admire, appeared in a music commercial for Z100, the number one radio station in New York. Z100 promotes commercially hot music in modes such as pop, rock, and RB. In Z100’s new commercial, Britney Spears is wearing a beige outfit consisting of a tight tube top and small shorts that accent her chest and buttocks. After talking for a moment, she starts dancing with her back facing the camera. Viewers are visually drawn to the shape of her body. As spokesperson for Z100, Britney Spears is being used as a marketing tool to attract men and increase ratings. Z100 could have had a popular male in its commercial. Instead the company’s executives chose a popular woman known for her hourglass figure because men prefer to look at young, shapely, nubile women. Television shows concentrate more and more on physical imagery showing women and their bodies exposed in an effort to increase ratings. The show Baywatch is about lifeguards, both men and women, working on the beach, but the females wear tight and particularly revealing bikinis. When the show first came out, it was taken seriously asShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Television On Society s Society1583 Words   |  7 PagesMedia is a very powerful source in today’s society, especially, television. Through technological advancements, television has given people the ability to access almost any program at their fingertips. Shows like Dance Moms, So You Think You Can Dance, and Dancing with the Stars acquire exponential ratings and leave quite the impact on their viewers. As such, viewers around the globe, both young and old, are inspired to dance and keep dancing. Dance is an expressive art form, which allows peopleRead MoreDoes Pornography Exploit or Liberate Women? Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesAlmost as lucrative as the oil industry; the omnipresent multi-media pornography industry is said to be more profitable than the music and video industries combined. The European Parliament (2003) estimates that more than two-thirds of the  £252 million spent by European internet users during 2001 was received by various pornographic websites. This recorded expenditure does not, however, account for the widely available non-internet based pornographic literature, theatre and DVD trade, or for prostitutionRead MoreThe Contradictions Of Women s Sexual Freedoms1646 Words   |  7 PagesContradictions of Women’s Sexual Freedoms Psychotherapist Leslie Bell’s Hard to Get: Twenty-Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom argues that young women in their twenties engage in â€Å"splitting†, a defensive process in which people dissociate their ideas into separate parts that are unequally valued (28-29). This predicament leads them to choose between two different â€Å"strategies of desire:† the â€Å"Sexual Woman† and the â€Å"Relational Woman† (29). While the Sexual Woman enjoys being promiscuousRead MoreEssay on The Exploitation and Objectification of Women in Rap1184 Words   |  5 PagesWomen have consistently been perceived as second-class citizens. Even now, in times when a social conscience is present in most individuals, in an era where an atmosphere of gender equality supposedly exists, it is blatantly apparent that the objectification and marginalization of women is still a major social issue. In reality, progression in terms of reducing female exploitatio n has been stagnant at best. Not only is the degradation of women a major problem that to date has not been eradicatedRead MoreBlack Women As Sexual Objects1662 Words   |  7 Pagesmainstream media celebrating the success of these woman but somehow their bodies come into the picture. Most often the Black woman is wrongfully represented and sexualized in the media. This view of black women as sexual objects we see in the media today has its roots in the common practice of rape during slavery by white male owners of their black female slaves. Many Black novelists attempt to complicate this idea of Black women as sexual objects through literature. The idea of Black women as sexual objectsRead MoreIdeology As The Superstructure Of A Civilisation1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarx, the working class would come to realise their oppression and exploitation, and would rebel and revolt against capitalism. This would then result in a communist society. However, the dominant ideology of the bour geoisie would try to stop this â€Å"class consciousness† from happening. From the Marxist theory derived the concept of â€Å"false-consciousness† which is the prevention of the proletariat from becoming aware of their exploitation by the bourgeoisie, by giving a â€Å"false understanding of the wayRead MoreCambodia: A Place of Countless Struggles1545 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggles. Poverty, lack of education, abuse, and sexual trafficking consume most of Cambodia, and the government continues to let these issues flourish. One of the most prominent problems Cambodia battles with is the sex industry, with prostitution and trafficking rates skyrocketing. According to recent human trafficking statistics, an immense amount of victims are sexually trafficked and exploited in Cambodia each year, but 80% of victims are young women and girls (Bertone). While sex trafficking affectsRead MoreEssay On Child Sexual Exploitation1383 Words   |  6 PagesChild Sexual Exploitatio n is defined on LegalDictionary.com as â€Å"Child exploitation is the act of using, coercing, manipulating, or deceiving a minor child for profit, labor, sexual gratification, or some other personal or financial advantage. Child exploitation often results in cruel or harmful treatment of the child, as the activities he or she may be forced to take part in can cause emotional, physical, and social problems. â€Å" This is a technical definition which describes the act of achieving someRead More1. ​​Moore.. Marcus Moore. Women Of Color In Usa. Julie1132 Words   |  5 PagesMoore Women Of Color In USA Julie Lewi February 24, 2017 Sexualization Sexual Exploitations Of WOC Although we live in the 21-century women of color across the United States, have been victims of one or more forms of discrimination. The fight to bridge the gender equality gap is a war that has been going on for generations. Women of color never had the gratification of being just a woman, for they are intertwined with issues of sexualization and sexual exploitation. The representationsRead MoreEssay The Commodification of Volleyball800 Words   |  4 Pagesthis essay is to examine the sport of beach volleyball and explain why the individuals, and the sport itself, have evolved throughout the years. Volleyball’s transformation into beach volleyball is a positive step forward for the sport in terms of media attention. To achieve this step the sport has undergone various changes in factors including: voyeurism, hegemony, symbolic glorification, using sport as a product, socialisation and the agents of socialisation. The first ‘sub step’ beach volleyball

Development Research Methods

Question: Discuss about theDevelopment Research Methods. Answer: Introduction Transportation is an important part of an individual in todays world. People irrespective of age use transport of their convenience. The study is focused on the modes of transportation used by university students. It is seen that the university students are mostly using private and public transport. The private transport used by the university students are personal cars, uber and bicycles. They hardly use any taxi. Apart from private transport, the students also use public transport. However, there are advantages and disadvantages of the usage of public and private transport by the university students. Many students walk or use bicycles to reach into university. Sometimes they face problems during the time of riding. The survey questions are asked to the university students who are using public buses and bicycles. The survey is conducted by using questionnaire. The survey questionnaire contains several questions that consist of different types of views of the students that they are c urrently facing in the university campus. However, the public transportation has many benefits regarding the cost aspect. On the other hand, the private transport incurs high cost but they are the fastest mode of transport while reaching to a place. Common Elements of Survey Questionnaire Surveys are common methods that are used in the different types of primary research used by the different researcher. Questionnaire is the forms that are used while conducting the research in order to collect data from the sample respondents. The different types of scales used in the questionnaire are likert scale, three point scales, seven point scales, etc. There are different types scales especially the most popular scale is the likert scale that is related to the pattern like strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree. The seven point scales used in the questionnaire are exceptional, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, and very poor. The three point scales used in the scales are good, fair, poor. The types of scales are used in the questionnaire are used for the formation of questions that are related to the collection of data in the sample respondents. The respondents of the research are comfortable in providing the answers to the researcher. The questions in the questionnaire are easy and the researcher uses the ethical concerns of the project. Apart from that, there are two types of questions used in the survey questionnaire. They are open ended question and the closed ended question. These questions help in easy understanding of the respondents. The patterns of the questions used in the questionnaire are skipped patterns. The skipped patterns in the questions are the main form of the questions that have helped in collecting the information from the university students. The university students also feel free in answering the questions used in the questionnaire. By conducting, the field research, the researcher gained a lot of information about the topic of the research i.e . the issues of transportation system faced by the university students. It also helps in gaining an in depth understanding of the actual problems of the transportation system and the positive aspects of the public transport and personal transport. The system of providing feedback is an important part of the questionnaire, that helps ion generating recommendations for improvement of transport system for the students. Conclusion The study focuses on the different types of elements used in the formation of survey questionnaire. The elements that are used in designing the survey questionnaire are mixture of questions, skip patterns, designs of questionnaire such as question order and aesthetics. The questionnaire of the survey portrays the fact that the university students who use bicycles and walk to universities are satisfied as there are ample pavements for bicycle riders and pedestrians. Apart from that, the students who use public transport like buses are not satisfied. The university campus must consider these aspects regarding the improvement of the transportation system in the university campus. The questions that are formulated have used different types of scales in the survey questionnaires. The elements used in formation of the questionnaire helped the researcher in collecting proper feedback from it. The service of transportation in the university campus both has some advantages and disadvantages. The students mostly use their convenient transport as per their affordability. The survey has provided a detailed description of the different types of disadvantages faced by students such as irrelevant timings of busses, problems in the bus stop, etc. However, there are different types of activities that the university can adopt activities that will improve the quality of the transport facility.

Unitech Corporation of management

Question: 1-What is the Existing organization Structure? 2-What is the Advantage and Disadvantage of the Existing Organization Structure? 3-Design the Organization Chart for Existing Organization Structure? 4-Which New Organization Structure is Proposed? 5-What are the Strength and Weakness of the New Organization Structure? 6-What are the points in this case for: Project Manager Skill on leader ship, Management Decision making, system and planning skill, Financial Awareness, Communication and Negotiating and contractual skills? 7-What are the PM process and level of activities identified? 8-What are the Various Component of Project? 9-Discuss all the PM process and Deliverable Defined? 10-Discuss your point of view on PM Initiation, Before and After Key Points? 11-What are the Steps for Project Integration Management? 12-What are the Project Contracting and Which Type Used? Answer : Answer 1: Unitech being a test equipment and software developer for the electronic industry was primarily confronted with several organizational issues. As per the case study, it is noted that there existed a line organizational framework in the firm (Phillips 2013). Further, with a segregation among the two major departments, namely electronic and computer engineering there was a consequent differentiation between the focused line managers. Moreover, both the department heads reported to and followed orders of the vice president who belonged to an engineering background. The prevailing organizational structure provided Unitech with several advantages and challenges as well. Answer 2: According to Kerzner (2013), it is noted that the line organizational structure had a multidimensional approach towards Unitech. Despite of being a simple and a measure of direct decision making, the framework tend to simplify relationships and increase responsibility. On the other hand, the structure acts as negativity in case of business growths. Also, there is an increase in internal competition, pressure levels and many others. As per the case study, in addition to a downfall in competency levels, there was a lack in revenue generation, focus and teamwork. Answer 3: The organizational chart based on the existing type of business framework is as follow Figure: Existing Organizational Structure of Unitech (Source: As created by author) It is noted that only the line managers have a direct control over the project team, members and the staff of the firm. Also, the project departments are focused on achieving individual company benefitting targets that further lead a competition between the two major divided departments (Moustafaev 2015). Moreover, there exists a chain of command in the organization as well. Answer 4: In order to develop business conditions the president of Unitech being a strong believer of project organizational structure reconstructed the framework of the firm. It is noted that the new structure along with developing efficiency of the firm focused on a proper decision making. Additionally, a project manager was also hired to guide contracting, creation of new pricing strategies and also developing of PM processes. Lastly, the contractors suggested management contractors to secure future growth opportunities as well. Answer 5: The newly developed project organizational structure provided Unitech with several strengths as well as weaknesses. Concerning strengths, the authority of project managers, communication developments, speedy decision making, and efficiency increments proved to be the most profitable (Bartsch, Ebers and Maurer 2013). On the contrary, factors like team setting up costs, individual loyalty developments of project team members, hardships in maintaining intellectual capital and a future concern tends to be a weakness for the enterprise. As opined by Bartsch, Ebers and Maurer (2013), it is noted that the newly proposed organizational structure also encouraged the firm to effectively grab market opportunities as well. Answer 6: The several key points needed by the Project manager in the following areas are: Leadership: Unitech`s president looked onto the appointed project manager (PM) to develop leadership. In addition to representing initiative and obtaining expected results, the PM signifies interpersonal abilities, develops efficiency and proper meeting conducts (Cummings and Worley 2014). Decision Making: The project managers also plays a huge role in the management`s decision making process. Several factors like alternative evaluation, problem solving skills, enthusiasm, motivation, cooperation, data management and skill development are focused on. System and Planning Skill: Characteristics like project administration, computer literacy, optimum resource use, information monitoring and a proper implementation of developed plan are focused on by the PM to ensure high performance levels. Financial Awareness: In addition to risk management, financial knowledge and procurement strategies, the project manager of Unitech actively involves in developing profit-loss statements, cost control polices and cash flow familiarities. Communication: It is noted that the PM focuses on informal channels, and technical innovations to build by clarity in the communication channels of Unitech. Negotiating and Contractual Skills: Apart from the various activities, the project managers also have knowledge about contract laws and statutory regulations which not only ensure a proper abidance of legal formalities but also secure fruitfulness of the project (Cummings and Worley 2014). Answer 7: In addition to developing new contracts, key points of pricing strategies were also identified. According to Burke (2013), cost discipline, management contractor suggestions and many other positive changes grabbed the project managers view. It is noted that areas of communication, HR and conflict management aspects also formed part of the recognized activities. Answer 8: The various components of a project of Unitech are the following: Client Interest: Concerns the interests and views of the customers Project Stake: Involves the total investment of a corporate project Resources: The total financial, human aspects, technology and resources involved in a project Creativity: Concerns the range of innovation needed for a projects success Uncertainty: The total degree of risk involved in a project Answer 9: The project processes and deliverables of Unitech include the following: Initiating: This particular step includes all the information, policies, standards, operating guidelines and every other necessity which is required to initiate a project. Also, the primary scope statement is prepared in the initial stage (Gido and Clements 2014). Planning: The scheduling includes development of the project plan which also acts as the backbone of the whole initiative. Executing: This step includes the deliverables, performance data, change requests and implementation of the alterations which contribute in detecting pitfalls. Monitoring and Controlling: The 4th process relates to the approved deliverables. In addition to updates on performance reports, plans and forecast statements, the step includes approving changes and rejecting the change appeals. Further, the process also includes recommendation actions, repair detections, approving repairs as well. Closing: The last and final step includes the final product or service of the project. Figure: Project Management Process (Source: Burke 2013) Answer 10: The differences between PM initiation before and after key points are the following: Before Key Points After Key Points 1. No clear project idea 1. Clear statement of project development 2. No clear forecasting of results 2. Clear forecasting and expectancy of success 3. No clear authority and responsibility delegation. Also, no clear statement of stakeholders and leadership ideas 3. Identification of stakeholders and direction of leadership 4. No budget statement of the project 4. Clear and transparent budget development Table: Differences between PM Initiation Before and After Key Points (Source: Gido and Clements 2014) Answer 11: The four main steps in project integration management are the following: Project interaction judgment Incorporate external inputs Judging, assessing, influencing and cooperating external resource in the project Screening and selecting the profitable PM tools Figure: Project Management Processes (Source: As created by author) Answer 12: It is noted that there mainly exist three types of contracting types, which are: Price Based Quantity and Rate Based Reimbursable (Cost Based) As per the case study, the existing contracting methods take a longing scheduling time and ultimately lead to a delay in the project. As stated by Weglarz (2012), it is only with a change in the framework of the organization which will lend a hand towards stabilizing contracting measures and also help to accomplish projects on time. The quality process will also contribute towards developing contracting conditions. References Bartsch, V., Ebers, M. and Maurer, I., 2013. Learning in project-based organizations: The role of project teams' social capital for overcoming barriers to learning.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.239-251. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Gido, J. and Clements, J.P., 2014.Successful project management. Nelson Education. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Moustafaev, J., 2015. Project scope management. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Weglarz, J. ed., 2012.Project scheduling: recent models, algorithms and applications(Vol. 14). Springer Science Business Media.

Depression Essays (564 words) - Depression, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Depression Depression is defined as a low sad state in which life seems bleak and it's changes overwhelming. When people lapse into a state of depression, they experience different symptoms and not all depressed people have the same symptoms. Symptoms of depression fall into the following five categories: emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive and physical. Emotional symptoms can include feelings of intense sadness and feeling dejected. Some people feel miserable, empty, and/or humiliated. The depressed person may cry often, experience anxiety, anger or agitation. Some depressed people actually feel so bad about their situation; they lose feelings for themselves and affection for their loved ones. Motivational symptoms include any feeling that makes it harder for the depressed person to function in a normal role. They may have no desire to do any activity, even ones they previously enjoyed. They have no initiative to do anything. They may have to force themselves to go to work, go grocery shopping, see friends or do anything they once did. Depressed people may have behavioral signs also. These are a lack of activity, with the activity done being less and less productive. A depressed person may move very slowly, with reluctance and no motivation. They may walk aimlessly with no real destination known. They may hang their heads and tend to make no eye contact. There are cognitive symptoms associated with depression also. The depressed person feels negatively about himself or herself. They feel worthless, inferior and wholly inadequate. They feel that the bad things happening in their lives are their own fault and they also feel that the situation will never get better. They feel that nothing will ever improve and they feel helpless over their lives. In addition, they feel they cannot control their futures, so they give up trying. A depressed person may also be easily distracted, confused and unable to remember things. They also feel they cannot communicate with anyone, so they keep their feelings to themselves. Physical symptoms can accompany depression. The person may feel dizzy or nauseous. They may have diarrhea or constipation. They may complain of indigestion, headache or generalized pain. Sleep disturbances are common in depressed people. They often feel tired all of the time and the fatigue is not alleviated with rest. They may sleep all of the time or may not sleep at all. Depressed people may also have problems with appetite. They may not be hungry very often or may stuff themselves to make themselves feel better. In summary, depression is a severe disorder with many different symptoms. In many cases, the depressed person cannot help themselves out of the ?rut? they are in. They feel dejected, insecure, hopeless, miserable and empty. Persons suffering from depression are usually constantly tired and lack initiative to perform any task, even usual daily tasks. They can sleep all the time or not sleep at all. Some depressed people feel so helpless and dejected that they start thinking about or even commit acts of suicide. A person with depression can feel so hopeless that they start thinking about suicide. Some people feel so indifferent to life that they do not care if they live or die. Some wish to die so they can escape their life. Depression is a scary disorder and people with depression need to get help immediately so they can feel better and get on with an ordinary life. Psychology

The Theme of Jack Londons To build a fire

The Theme of Jack Londons To build a fire The significance of the words 'dying and death' in Jack London's 1910 novel, 'To Build a Fire' continuously expresses the man's dwindling warmth and bad luck in his journey along the Yukon trail to meet 'the boys' at camp. London associates dying with the man's diminishing ability to stay warm in the frigid Alaskan climate. The main characters predicament slowly worsens one level at a time finally resulting in death.The narrator informs the reader that 'the man' lacks personal experiencetraveling in the Yukon terrain. The old-timer warned the man about theharsh realities of the Klondike. The confident main character thinks ofthe old-timer at Sulphur Creek as 'womanish.' Along the trail, 'the man' falls into a hidden spring and attempts to build a fire to dry his socks and warm himself. With his wet feet quickly growing numb, he realizes he has only one chance to successfully build a fire or face the harsh realities of the Yukon at one-hundred nine degrees below freezing.Jack London`s cabin, Dawson, Yukon, Canada. An ide...Falling snow from a tree blots out the fire and the character realizes 'he had just heard his own sentence of death.' Jack London introduces death to the reader in this scene.The man realizes 'a second fire must be built without fail.' The man's mind begins to run wild with thoughts of insecurity and death when the second fire fails. He recollects the story of a man who kills a steer to stay warm and envisions himself killing his dog and crawling into the carcass to warm up so he can build a fire to save himself.London writes, 'a certain fear of death, dull and oppressive, came to him.'As the man slowly freezes, he realizes he is in serious trouble and can no longer make excuses for...

Universal jurisdiction application of International Law Essay

Universal jurisdiction application of International Law - Essay Example Universal jurisdiction refers to universal prescriptive jurisdiction and obliges states to assume jurisdiction over international crimes that are especially serious regardless of where the crime was committed (O’Keefe, 745). According to the dissenting opinion of Van den Wyngaert, the definition of universal jurisdiction is not clearly established under international Convention or customary international law with the result that the definition is uncertain (Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 also known as Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal). However, the International Law Commission and the International Criminal Court Statute both provide ample explanation of the concept of universal jurisdiction and its purpose. This paper identifies and analyses the international law on universal jurisdiction and identifies where uncertainties may arise. Definition and Concepts of Universal Jurisdiction According to the International Law Commission’s Report of the Sixth Committee, universal jurisdiction is defined as: †¦a legal principle allowing or requiring a state to bring criminal proceedings in respect of certain crimes irrespective of the location of the crime and the nati onality of the perpetrator or the victim (1). Arguably, the concept of universal jurisdiction is also referred to in the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court, 1998 (ICC Statute). The Preamble to the ICC Statute, states that â€Å"the most serious crimes of concern to the international community† â€Å"must not go unpunished† and that all member states will implement laws for ensuring the â€Å"effective prosecution of† of those crimes† and in doing so, the international community must cooperate (ICC Statute, Preamble). More specifically, the Rome Statute of the ICC goes further to state that: †¦it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes (Preamble). According to the Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal, various states have implemented laws conferring jurisdiction on them over international crimes. However, none of these states have provide d for jurisdiction over crimes to which the enabling state does not have some form of connection (Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal, 70). National courts have been more decisive however. For example, the Federal Court of Australia listed a number of international crimes over which it had universal jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Austria ruled that it had universal jurisdiction over crimes of genocide. The United States has assumed universal jurisdiction in two notable cases, Yunis in 1988 and Bin Laden in 2000(Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal). Some states are hesitant to assume jurisdiction over a matter that another state has jurisdiction over. For example both the UK and the Russian Federation have expresses similar views against one state assuming jurisdiction over a matter that relates to an offence that was committed within the territory of another state (Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Koijmans and Brugenthal). Regardless, in addition to international treaties in which jurisdiction over specific crimes such as torture and genocide require some form of link to the offence, the offender or the victims in order to confer jurisdiction, universal jurisdi